A promissory note should state the sum, due date/maturity, interest if any, and maker's signature — usury/interest rules still matter.
Unconditional promise to pay a sum certain; maturity; place of payment; interest rate if agreed.
Stipulated interest must be in writing (Civil Code); unconscionable rates may be reduced (Art. 1229 area).
Acceleration and collection costs clauses — keep them lawful.
Last reviewed November 9, 2026. Laws, rules and Bar Bulletins change; if a source above has been amended or superseded, the official text controls.
Not always for validity between parties; helps enforceability/evidence.
State solidary vs joint liability clearly.
Draft + later small-claims path.
Sample demand letter structure plus tips before small claims or collection suit.
When you need a notarized affidavit of loss for IDs, titles, checks, or gadgets.
Civil Code Arts. 1878–1879: acts that need a special power.
