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Constitution / FIA

Foreign ownership overview

Land and certain industries remain nationality-restricted; check the Negative List.

Land

Constitutional limits on foreign land ownership.

Negative List

Updated by issuance — verify current list.

Anti-Dummy

C.A. 108 risks.

Sources

Last reviewed November 9, 2026. Laws, rules and Bar Bulletins change; if a source above has been amended or superseded, the official text controls.

Foreign ownership overview — FAQ

Is this legal advice?

No — overview only.

Official text?

Start from the official source linked below (https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/).

Case citations?

Overview pages avoid unverified G.R. numbers.

Foreign ownership overview | ocoai